| Question ID | Question Stem Text |
|---|---|
| 5001 | How does a virus remain undetected in a lysogenic infection?… |
| 5003 | Which of the following structures is found in a bacterial cell <strong>and</strong> <strong>not… |
| 5004 | What is the major difference between archaea cell membranes and bacteria cell membranes? … |
| 5006 | Which of the following is a characteristic unique to Eukarya?… |
| 5007 | Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between organisms based on a phylog… |
| 5008 | Which of the following statements best describes the amphipathic nature of lipids and their role in … |
| 5010 | Which of the following is true for Archaea but does not apply to bacteria or eukaryotes? … |
| 5012 | Which of these scientists isolated the first extreme thermophiles (<em>Thermus aquaticus</em>) that … |
| 5014 | While observing various viruses, you notice a virus that contains nucleic acids, a capsid, and an en… |
| 5015 | Which of the following is true in the relationship between Archaea and Eukarya? … |
| 5018 | What best describes the composition of a ribosome?… |
| 5019 | Which of the following differentiates archaea from bacteria?… |
| 5020 | Which choice correctly supports the Endosymbiotic Theory that chloroplasts originate from cyanobacte… |
| 5023 | Compared to Archaea and Bacteria, Eukaryotes have...… |
| 5024 | <div class="question_text user_content enhanced" id="question_8106559_question_text">Many organisms … |
| 5026 | What characteristics about translation are specific to prokaryotes?… |
| 5027 | Which three basic functions of life are found in ALL microbial cells (microbes)?… |
| 5028 | A lab was trying to analyze a virus and found it to contain only DNA and proteins, what type of… |
| 5031 | Which one of these options correctly describes the rotary motion that occurs in flagella in <em>E. c… |
| 5033 | T4 is a virus that regulates when it expresses certain genes. It does this through:… |
| 5034 | Lipids that make up the cell membrane in Archaea differ from the lipids that make up the cell membra… |
| 5036 | What are the differences between RNA and DNA that make DNA used as the hereditary material?… |
| 5037 | What are the metabolic functions and contributions of gas vesicles and where are they primarily loca… |
| 5042 | Which of the following accurately describes the structure and function of peptidoglycan in bacterial… |
| 5046 | Which of the following is a difference between the structures of RNA and DNA?… |
| 5048 | What is the purpose of molecular chaperones in the synthesis of proteins? … |
| 5052 | Which of the following would be degraded in the presence of lysozyme?</p> <p> </p> <p>&nb… |
| 5053 | Robert Koch was responsible for which major contribution to the field of microbiology?</p> <p>&nb… |
| 5054 | What characteristics do all three Domains share in the Phylogenetic tree?… |
| 5055 | Which of the following are similarities between RNA polymerase in archaea and bacteria?… |
| 5058 | A main difference between rho-independent and rho-dependent termination is that… |
| 5059 | Protein synthesis occurs in which organelle in eukaryotic cells?</p> <p> </p> <p> … |
| 5069 | A major structural difference between the Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell wall is...</p> <p>… |
| 5070 | Who did Edward Jenner first inoculate and what did he inoculate them with? … |
| 5075 | Which of the following are correct when considering the structure of lipopolysaccharide? (Select all… |
| 5078 | Compare the cytoplasmic membrane and the slime layer of a bacterial cell and choose which answer cho… |
| 5081 | Type I pili and Type IV pili differ in that ____.… |
| 5082 | Why did variolation of smallpox still have a 1% to 2% mortality rate which is high by todays st… |
| 5084 | How do cytoskeleton proteins contribute the stability of a bacterial cell?… |
| 5085 | A similarity between archaea and eukaryotes is they both have … |
| 5086 | How can prions be infectious?… |
| 5089 | Which of the following is not an ingredient in making beer?… |
| 5090 | Compare β-oxidation to the TCA cycle. Which of the following statements is true? … |
| 5091 | What bacteria are responsible for the first step of Kim Chi fermentation that ferments sugar to acid… |
| 5094 | When operating an autoclave…… |
| 5096 | One way microbes cam avoid predators is… |
| 5098 | Purple bacteria make a better experimental model for understanding photosynthesis than green bacteri… |
| 5099 | What is the difference between the retinal-based phototrophy and the photosynthetic apparatus of pur… |
| 5100 | Match the major growth limiting factors with the adaptations used by microbes to combat th… |
| 5102 | Which of the following is most likely to cause the solidification of the cell membrane and decreased… |
| 5103 | Which of these is options is a major difference between oxidative phosphorylation and photophos… |
| 5104 | There are many ways in which microbial populations are kept in check, which of the below factors wou… |
| 5105 | What are the three ways microbes respond to limited nutrients in their environment?</p> <p> … |
| 5106 | During fermentation NAD+ is almost always ______ to NADH. Fill in the blank.… |
| 5107 | A green apple taste, or acetylaldehyde, can accumulate during beer fermentation in which of the foll… |
| 5108 | When dealing with temperature to remove microorganisms from a substance, the MOST effective manipula… |
| 5110 | What is the classification and example function of magnesium in the cell?… |
| 5115 | The growth of <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> requires adenosine for growth because it cannot make its o… |
| 5119 | Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme that is found only in...… |
| 5120 | Which method of control would you use to sterilize a plastic container for medical equipment?… |
| 5121 | Which of the following is unique to Green Bacteria compared to Purple Bacteria and Cyanobacteri… |
| 5123 | Compare the differences and similarities of the light-harvesting complexes of purple, green, and cya… |
| 5124 | The number of photons available limits photosynthesis. Light harvesting complexes helps maximiz… |
| 5128 | A major difference between Photosynthesis and Retinal-based Phototrophy is...… |
| 5129 | Which of the following best describes the link between the dissipation of the proton gradient and th… |
| 5131 | You are testing the growth rate of a sample of <em>E. coli </em>in a lab. You get a C… |
| 5133 | Which of the following oxidants would create an equilibrium in favor of reducing NAD to NADH?</… |
| 5134 | Which of the following are strategies that microbes utilize to protect themselves from predation? Se… |
| 5137 | What is true of the light-harvesting photosystems of purple, green, and cyanobacteria?</p> <p>&nb… |
| 5138 | What structure/s pump protons across the membrane in both photophosphorylation and oxidative ph… |
| 5140 | Which of the following could not survive in the presence of oxygen? (select all that apply)… |
| 5141 | Which is a difference between biocides and antibiotics?… |
| 5142 | Which starting material in the cellular respiration reaction is getting oxidized:</p> <p>C<sub>6<… |
| 5143 | Which of the following is true regarding the division of the cell?… |
| 5144 | If <em>E. coli</em> is in an environment where it runs out of carbon sources, how might it… |
| 5146 | When brewing a batch of beer, you find that your product tastes of bitter green apple. This was not … |
| 5147 | The Min system in <i>E. coli </i>is utilized by the cell in order to complete what process?… |
| 5150 | Which type of differentiated Cyanobacterial cell has the main purpose of fixing nitrogen, and how do… |
| 5151 | What type of structures are used in green bacteria to capture light, and what is the important subst… |
| 5154 | While trying to produce cheese, you discover that your curds are not knitting properly, and your res… |
| 5155 | A scientist identified two new important cellular reactions in bacteria: reaction 1: A+B—&mdas… |
| 5157 | Light harvesting complexes in purple bacteria… |
| 5160 | Which photopigment has the main job of quenching the triplet state of chlorophyll to preve… |
| 5161 | Which is an example of substrate level phosphorylation in fermentation?… |
| 5164 | What Physical Agent would be the used to sterilize glass pipets?… |
| 5166 | During the heat shock response, the level of heat shock proteins increases, one reason translation i… |
| 5169 | How do Sulfur-Oxidizing bacteria benefit tube worms in hydrothermal vents?… |
| 5170 | The major difference between the lac operon and the trp operon is...… |
| 5172 | How are plasmids maintained in bacterial cells?… |
| 5173 | How is it possible for the <em>lac</em> operon to have allolactose as the inducer when it is made fr… |
| 5175 | When asked to determine both the phylotypes present in a soil sample <u>as well as the metaboli… |
| 5176 | You are investigating a new operon that synthesizes ladderines. You find that the final product bind… |
| 5177 | Which of the following is <strong>NOT</strong> a characteristic of the reductive Acetyl-CoA pathway?… |
| 5178 | Which of the following are NOT properties of Pelagibacter Ubique's physiology?… |
| 5179 | A team of submarine scientists isolate several species of bacteria near a deep sea ocean vent. Which… |
| 5180 | What is denitrification and its significance?… |
| 5182 | Which of the following statements about the lux operon are <strong>true</strong>? … |
| 5183 | What is the main difference between a Plasmid and a Chromosome?… |
| 5184 | You take a soil sample and create a wet mount that you stain with DAPI (stains DNA). Using the phas… |
| 5185 | Which of the following statements correctly contrasts quorum sensing mechanisms between Gram + bacte… |
| 5186 | In the mechanism of proteorhodopsin, the retinal…… |
| 5187 | Which of the following is a major product of all kinds of metabolism under both aerobic and anaerobi… |
| 5188 | In which of the following situations would you <strong>not</strong> expect to find heat shock protei… |
| 5189 | Which of the following phylotypes were discovered by the Sorcerer II expedition?… |
| 5190 | Which characteristic of Ferroplasma acidarmanus, an archaea that is found in acid mines, i… |
| 5191 | Which of the following would you assign to a lake with low growth, low nutrients, clear water, and l… |
| 5192 | Mobile genetic elements are found in, … |
| 5193 | There is a double strand break in the DNA, but there are still both complementary strands. How would… |
| 5194 | Besides bacteria that can oxidize iron and/or sulfur compounds, eukaryotic species found in aci… |
| 5195 | What medium will Peligabacter ubique grow successfully in? … |
| 5197 | The <em>trp</em> operon includes a <em>trp</em> repressor protein that is s… |
| 5198 | You have a strain that produces vitamin B12 and secretes it into the growth medium. Which option wou… |
| 5199 | What is the primary role of Nitrobacter in the nitrogen cycle?… |
| 5200 | A major difference between the <em>T. atlanticus </em>and <em>G. ahangar</em>i species is … |
| 5201 | Lake Mendota has high biological activity and excessive nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen. What… |
| 5202 | Which of the following activates the inactive repressor in the <em>trp </em>operon?… |
| 5204 | When comparing key processes of the nitrogen cycle, which of the following is strictly an aerobic pr… |
| 5207 | Color indicator plates are screens, not selection because.......… |
| 5208 | Which general group of microorganisms breaks down cellulose, chitin, lignin, and protein into smalle… |
| 5209 | Match the correct conditions with their role in cellulose degredation.… |
| 5210 | What is a difference between a plasmid and a chromosome?… |
| 5212 | Which of the following repair methods should be used to repair DNA modified by a frameshift mutation… |
| 5213 | Which of the following is true about transposons?</p> <p> </p> <p style="line-height:1.2"… |
| 5215 | What are some physical and chemical characteristics of deep-sea ocean vents? … |
| 5217 | Are chemoorganoheterotrophs found in deep sea ocean environments?… |
| 5219 | Which enzyme is specifically associated with the degradation of cellulose under anaerobic conditions… |
| 5220 | In the lac operon, what role does the repressor play when lactose is absent?… |
| 5223 | During the spring what would you expect to see in a lake?… |
| 5224 | In the reductive Acetyl-CoA pathway, where does the reducing power come from?|… |
| 5225 | You have a strain of bacteria that produces vitamin B12 and secretes it into the growth medium. How … |
| 5228 | Which of the following descriptions of the eukaryotes living in acid mines is correct?</p> <p>&nb… |
| 5230 | Which protein(s) of the <em>lux</em> operon synthesizes the autoinducer?… |
| 5231 | What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation?… |
| 5233 | Which of these steps occurs in both gram-positive and gram-negative quorum sensing?… |
| 5234 | Your PI asked you to perform a transformation of your newly constructed plasmid pIA123 into competen… |
| 5235 | Which of the following techniques are NOT used in metabolomics?… |
| 5239 | You have just successfully isolated a new microorganism and you suspect it is able to degrade cellul… |
| 5240 | Are eukaryotic microbes found in acid mine drainages? If so, how do they grow?… |
| 5242 | What is a major difference between the <em>lac</em> operon and the <em>trp</em> operon?… |
| 5243 | Choose which of the following accurately completes this statement: The expression of the <em>lac</em… |
| 5248 | Which are accurate environmental characteristics of deep-sea ocean vents?… |
| 5249 | Which of the following molecules is specifically involved in quorum sensing in the Gram-positive bac… |
| 5259 | Which of the following could be considered a probiotic?… |
| 5260 | Pink eye is a common type of bacterial conjunctivitis that results in the whites of the eye turning … |
| 5262 | Which statement best describes the pathogenesis of <em>Clostridium difficile</em> infection?… |
| 5263 | What are the symptoms of inflammation? (4 correct answers) … |
| 5264 | What are B-lymphocytes role in the immune system? … |
| 5265 | What is acetogenesis? … |
| 5267 | Which of the following are true aspects of the <em>Akkermansia muciniphila</em> symbiosis … |
| 5271 | What microbes are present on human skin? (Select all that are correct.)… |
| 5272 | Match each symptom of inflammation to its cause at the cellular level. … |
| 5277 | A major difference between CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells is that...… |
| 5279 | Which of the following are considered phagocytes in the body? (Select all that are correct)</p> <… |
| 5281 | Which of the following is true of endotoxins and exotoxins?… |
| 5283 | Match the antibody to the correct function… |
| 5288 | Two of the major proteins found in the envelope of the influenza A virus are: (Select all that are c… |
| 5289 | Under a high-fat diet in mice, which of the following are true? Check all that apply. … |
| 5290 | How does the microbiota of an individual with a high fat diet differ from the microbiota of an indiv… |
| 5291 | If a healthy person's GI tract was colonized by a high-fat diet microbiome what would most likel… |
| 5292 | Phagocytosis is an important part of antigen presentation used by what cells?… |
| 5294 | A patient comes in complaining of severe abdominal pain that is accompanied by bloating and diarrhea… |
| 5296 | Which answer correctly describes how a vaccine protects you from disease?… |
| 5298 | What impacts the differentiation of phagocytes?… |
| 5300 | In methanogenesis, ____ only accepts electrons, resulting in a proton gradient… |
| 5301 | Which of the following are ways in which the skin is a barrier to microbes? (select all that ap… |
| 5302 | Which type(s) of antibacterial antibiotic target cell wall synthesis?… |
| 5303 | The following are characteristics of primary symbionts of insects:… |
| 5304 | A pathogen has entered a cut in your skin. Which of the following will lead to phagocytosis? Select … |
| 5305 | What is the role of opsonins?… |
| 5308 | Previously, we learned about Edward Jenner and his creation of the first vaccine for smallpox from c… |
| 5309 | The complement system is an enzymatic system composed of 9 proteins that help the body fight pa… |
| 5311 | Rank the following antigens by their strength in interacting with antigen-specific receptors on the … |
| 5313 | The large diversity of variable regions on T cells receptors and antibodies is created via:… |
| 5317 | Which of the following general classes of vaccines are matched up with the right immune response res… |
| 5318 | Which of the following is caused by dysbiosis in the gut microbiome?… |
| 5319 | How are antibodies able to diversify themselves to provide protection from the wide variety of patho… |
| 5320 | Penicillin…… |
| 5321 | A patient comes in with the following symptoms: abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea… |
| 5322 | Which of these things are true of macrophages? (2 correct answers) … |
| 5323 | Which of the following are correct statements about the actions / targets of various antibiotics?… |
| 5324 | Which cell type plays a central role in initiating adaptive immune responses by capturing <strong>an… |
| 5327 | Which of the following is true about chlamydia?… |
| 5329 | The role of <em>Akkermansia muciniphila</em> in humans is:… |
| 5331 | Select the following options that are TRUE regarding microbes in the gastrointestinal (gut) tract</p… |
| 5332 | Describe the structure of the gut epithelium. What is the role of all the immune cells in gut health… |
| 5333 | Match the immunoglobulin class to its function… |
| 5335 | Which of the following is an example of a producer and consumer bacteria in a syntrophic relationshi… |
| 5337 | The cardinal signs of inflammation are...… |
| 5343 | The formation of extracellular polymers (glucans) in <em>S. mutans </em>and <em>S. sanguis </em>atta… |
| 5344 | Because it has porins, the outer membrane is a permeability barrier.… |
| 5345 | From a population perspective, what percent of life on Earth is microbial?… |
| 5346 | From a biomass perspective, what percent of life on Earth is microbial?… |
| 5347 | If you compare the <em>average size</em> of the following microbes, which is the <em>smallest</em>?… |
| 5348 | If you compare the <em>average size</em> of the following microbes, which is the <em>largest</em>?… |
| 5349 | Which of the following are positive impacts of microorganisms?… |
| 5350 | Negative impacts of microorganisms on human society include...… |
| 5351 | Bacteria cause harm to humans by killing or inhibiting the growth important crops… |
| 5352 | In industry, microorganisms contribute in many positive ways. For example (There are three correct a… |
| 5353 | The structure shown is a... <img alt="A sugar baby" src="https://instruction.bact.wisc.edu/images/q… |
| 5354 | Bacterial DNA is located within the nucleoid. This is organize by… |
| 5355 | A carboxysome is an enzyme complex that… |
| 5356 | Only living organisms can synthesize organic compounds such as amino acids.… |
| 5357 | Let's compare a yeast cell (a non-photosynthetic microorganism) to a bacterial cell like <em>E. coli… |
| 5358 | In comparing the cell membrane of <em>E. coli</em> (Bacteria) to <em>Methanothermobacter thermautotr… |
| 5359 | Order the steps of viral infection.… |
| 5360 | Here is a typical viral particle...</p> <img alt="A diagram of a virus" src="https://instruction.ba… |
| 5361 | Bacterial transcription is different from Archaea and Eukarya in that… |
| 5362 | A (+) ssRNA virus that infects a Eukaryotic cell would most likely replicate in…… |
| 5363 | In rho-dependent termination in bacteria, the rho protein…… |
| 5364 | The actual process of translating from the language of nucleotides (codons) to protein is carried ou… |
| 5365 | If you are trying to classify a microorganism phylogenetically, what trait would be best to look at?… |
| 5366 | The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) probably generated energy by…… |
| 5367 | Microorganisms can affect the food supply chain by...… |
| 5368 | If truck drivers get sick because of influenza, that can disrupt the food supply chain.… |
| 5369 | One way to prevent leaf rust (caused by <em>Puccinia triticina Eriks</em>) from inhibiting your whea… |
| 5370 | Leaf rust affects the food supply chain by...… |
| 5371 | Pick all the elements that are macronutrients… |
| 5372 | Pick all the elements that are macronutrients… |
| 5373 | Pick all the elements that are micronutrients… |
| 5374 | <em>Shighella dysenteriae</em> requires NAD to be able to grow. Therefore, NAD is a ________________… |
| 5375 | <em>Bacillus cereus</em> requires the element magnesium for growth. This makes Mg a growth factor fo… |
| 5376 | Here is the recipe of a medium:</p> <p> </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacin… |
| 5377 | Here is the recipe of a medium:</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <thead> … |
| 5378 | <img alt="The electron potential table" height="412" src="/images/quickcheck/electrontower.png" widt… |
| 5379 | Substrate phosphorylation (SLP) differs from electron-transport level phosphorylation (ETLP) in that… |
| 5380 | The latter steps in fermentation often involve the reduction of an organic substrate (i.e. The reduc… |
| 5381 | You add <em>Lactococcus lactis </em>(a homofermentative bacterium) as a starter culture to your milk… |
| 5382 | During chocolate fermentation, spore-forming bacteria dominate late in the process. This is because… |
| 5383 | The FtsZ protein is common in many types of cells. It is required for...… |
| 5384 | If a cell lost the activity of the FtsZ protein it would...… |
| 5385 | An advantage turbidity measurements have over viable plate counts are…… |
| 5386 | A microorganisms that forms long tubes, called mycelia, increases by… |
| 5387 | A stalked bacterium that divides into two unequal cells use this mode of cell division.… |
| 5388 | Some of the advantages for bacteria living in a bioflim are…… |
| 5389 | The disadvantages of living in a biofilm are…… |
| 5390 | Temperature kills bacteria because…… |
| 5391 | Temperature kills bacteria because…… |
| 5392 | A bacterium grows in a high-temperature (70°C) hot spring at pH 3. You would classify this bacterium… |
| 5393 | If a bacterium doesn't have superoxide dismutate or catalase it is probably a… |
| 5394 | Bacteria can survive without carbon sources in the environment because they store carbon in…… |
| 5395 | Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria if they run into excess hydrogen sulfide will store it as… |
| 5396 | When the bacterium <em>E. coli</em> begins to starve, it will change the expression of many genes by… |
| 5397 | When Giardia is released from a host into the environment, it will…… |
| 5398 | The most hardy form of resting structure is a…… |
| 5399 | The cyanobacteria <i>Anabaena variabilis</i> can differentiate in three ways. Which differentiated c… |
| 5400 | The cyanobacteria <i>Anabaena variabilis</i> can differentiate in three ways. Which differentiated c… |
| 5401 | The majority of nitrogen fixation on Earth is done by Bacteria… |
| 5402 | The majority of nitrogen fixation on Earth is done by humans… |
| 5403 | Conversion of ammonia to nitrate involves (There are two correct answers)… |
| 5404 | A farmer spreads nitrogen fertilizer (nitrate) on his corn crop and expects it to increase his yield… |
| 5405 | Loss of food to spoilage by microorganisms is a significant problem in our food supply chain… |
| 5406 | Sterilization is the…… |
| 5407 | Disinfetion is…… |
| 5408 | What physical treatment would you use to sterilize a liquid that contains bacteria as well as small … |
| 5409 | You want to preserve some meat for the winter in your cabin. However, the power supply to the cabin … |
| 5410 | The main goal of wastewater treatment is to…… |
| 5411 | The main difference between water treatment to produce drinking water and wastewater treatment befor… |
| 5412 | In β-oxidation…… |
| 5413 | In the degradation of n-octane from oil, octane is converted into a fatty acid and then Conenzyme-A … |
| 5414 | The energy of high-potential electrons is converted into charge separation across the membrane by th… |
| 5415 | An <em>E. coli</em> strain has a mutation in the <em>lacZ</em> gene such that it cannot produce its … |
| 5416 | The <em>lac</em> operon encodes a repressor. The repressor is inactivated by its signal molecule all… |
| 5417 | In <em>E. coli </em>the <em>lac</em> operon is regulated by…(There are two correct answers)… |
| 5418 | MalT controls maltose operon gene expression. This protein is...… |
| 5419 | If AgrB of the quorum sensing system of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was inactivated, what part of… |
| 5420 | What would happen to <em>E. coli</em> cells growing under normal conditions (i.e., no DNA damage) if… |
| 5421 | You are trying to understand a biofilm that forms on your patients' catheters. You need to know what… |
| 5422 | Amplicon sequencing is different than metagenomics in that.… |
| 5423 | Your, old, old, old school professor, is interested in learning the microbiome of moldy bread. He ch… |
| 5424 | You are investigating landfill that has been contaminated with oil. Before you start investigating … |
| 5425 | The fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium degrades lignin. If you were putting it in a community physio… |
| 5426 | Cellulose is degraded by…… |
| 5427 | Some <em>Syntrophomonas</em> sp. oxidize butyrate into acetate and hydrogen. This reaction is only f… |
| 5428 | The bacterium ac1-B1 is one of te most common phylotypes in lakes. In the oceans, <em>Pelagibacter u… |
| 5429 | Besides sodium chloride, oceans differ chemically from fresh water in that oceans have...… |
| 5430 | The most common microbial genera found in the oceans is…… |
| 5431 | <em>Pelagibacter ubique</em> was difficult to isolate because it…… |
| 5432 | <em>Prochlorococcus</em> sp and <em>Synechococcus</em> sp. are found throughout the ocean's surface … |
| 5433 | Methanogens that grow on hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide are present at deep-sea ocean vents.… |
| 5434 | What are the properties of <em>Geoglobus ahangari</em>, a deep-sea ocean vent bacterium? (There are … |
| 5435 | Because of the lack of dissolved organic carbon chemoheterotophic bacteria are <strong>not</strong> … |
| 5436 | The most important role of carotenoids in photosynthesis is…… |
| 5437 | The purpose of light-harvesting complexes in photosynthesis is to…… |
| 5438 | If you removed the magnesium ion from the special pair of bacteriochlorophyll, it would no longer be… |
| 5439 | Chlorosomes differ from phycobilisomes (the light-harvesting complexes of cyanobacteria) in that chl… |
| 5440 | Purple bacteria are unusual for photosynthetics because they have several modes of growth. They can … |
| 5441 | Methylotrophs are autotrophs that generate organic carbon using the…… |
| 5442 | One of the major differences between aerobic vs anaerobic methane oxidation is…… |
| 5443 | Fermenting organisms need a lot of organic compounds because they get less energy from each substrat… |
| 5444 | If you had a mutation in adenylate cyclase such that it no longer could make cAMP, this mutant <em>E… |
| 5445 | The RNA III product used in quorum sensing in <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>is an example of…… |
| 5446 | Given the physiology of the ocean, where will you find photosynthetic bacteria?… |
| 5447 | The majority of carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere comes from humans sources.… |
| 5448 | Deep-sea ocean vents are teaming with life because…… |
| 5449 | The skin is an effective antimicrobial barrier for many microorganisms because…… |
| 5450 | <div class="question_text user_content enhanced" id="question_new_question_text"> One example of ho… |
| 5451 | Two examples of antimicrobial secretions your immune system creates are…… |
| 5452 | If a person had a gene mutation that prevented them from making the cytokine interleukin 12, it woul… |
| 5453 | Complement can be activated in three ways. They are…… |
| 5454 | One way that the complement system kills microorganisms when activated is by…… |
| 5455 | One symptom of inflammation is redness. This is caused by…… |
| 5456 | The major phagocytic cells in the body are (there are three correct answers.)… |
| 5457 | Activation of the complement cascade will result in the migration of phagocytes to an area.… |
| 5458 | C3b and IgG are both opsonins. In this capacity, they…… |
| 5459 | Phagocytes can kill in several ways. Which of the following is an oxygen-independent method?… |
| 5460 | Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) react to _________ and alert the immune system.… |
| 5461 | An example of a MAMP that the immune system would respond to is…… |
| 5462 | The human immune system can respond to millions of antigens, yet the genome consists of only 30,000 … |
| 5463 | Dendritic cells are a special class of neutrophils that can kill bacteria, but are also antigen-pres… |
| 5464 | When activated, a B-cell will differentiate into… (There are two correct answers)… |
| 5465 | One way antibodies cause harm to pathogens by…… |
| 5466 | A cytotoxic T-cell. (Tc) will sense a host cell is infected by a virus when… (Note: anot… |
| 5467 | CD4+ T-cells (T-helper cells) function to…… |
| 5468 | If plants did not form mutualistic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, they would have a harder ti… |
| 5469 | Rhizobia are attracted to plants because…… |
| 5470 | Consider they ratio of phylotypes found in the skin microbiota. If you compare people's skin mic… |
| 5471 | <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis </em>is found on the skin of 100% of people. This bacterium has many … |
| 5472 | The biggest impact disruption of sleep has on the microbiome is…… |
| 5473 | One of the best pieces of evidence that the microbiome can influence depression and anxiety is&helli… |
| 5474 | We say so corporation has developed a new probiotic that contains <em>Eubacterium</em> and <em>Copro… |
| 5475 | Your uncle, who is at risk for heart disease, doesn't want to eat more fiber. He says eating more fi… |
| 5476 | Match the causative agent with the virulence factor/properties… |
| 5477 | An insect vector transmits these two disease agents.… |
| 5478 | Earlier in the year, we talked about Prion diseases. These diseases can satisfy Koch's postulate… |
| 5479 | The shiga toxin produced by <em>Escherichia coli</em>, is a…… |
| 5480 | You are investigating a new operon that synthesizes ladderines. You find that the final product bind… |
| 5481 | You suspect that carbenicillin resistance can move from <em>Bucky borderii, </em>a harmless bac… |
| 5482 | <em>Akkermansia muciniphila</em> is an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract and has an important… |
| 5483 | The microbiota on teeth that form plaque may play a role in causing.… |
| 5484 | Water coming from a surface source is not safe due to contaminants. The water is first passed throug… |
| 5486 | A patient is treated with an antibiotic with a mechanism of action that involves inhibiting transpep… |
| 5487 | All of the following are steps and appropriate descriptions of the Virus life cycle EXCEPT… |
| 5490 | Why is DNA used as the primary hereditary material instead of RNA?… |
| 5491 | After replictaion a section of DNA ends up with a mutation. However, after translation, the mutated … |
| 5492 | A scientist studies two RNA viruses. Virus A can be translated by host ribosomes immediately after i… |
| 5494 | What is the defining feature of a <strong data-end="601" data-start="578">lysogenic infection</stron… |
| 5495 | Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the lytic and lysogenic cycles?</p> … |
| 5496 | A newly discovered microorganism is found to have membrane lipids composed of isoprenoid side chains… |
| 5497 | In what way does most water enter bacterial cells? … |
| 5498 | You stain a bacterial cell and observe under a light microscope a clear thick border around the edge… |
| 5500 | The three main components of LPS in Gram-negative cells are… |
| 5502 | A key difference in the regulation of lytic versus lysogenic pathways between bacteriophage T4 and l… |
| 5503 | RNA is always single stranded and DNA is double stranded. True or false?… |
| 5507 | An antibiotic specifically targets lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Which group of bacteria would be most d… |
| 5508 | Which of the following correctly describes a structural difference between DNA and RNA?… |
| 5509 | A scientist discovers two bacterial isolates have 16S rRNA sequences that are 99% similar, but … |
| 5510 | Two populations of the same bacterial host are infected with bacteriophage λ under d… |
| 5511 | Bacteriophage λ must decide between lytic growth and lysogeny shortly after it infects <em>E. coli</… |
| 5512 | Which property is correctly associated with the indicated transport mechanism?</p> <p> </p> … |
| 5516 | Flagella and pili both can exhibit multiple conformations they can exist in, which of the following … |
| 5517 | What is an advantage of sequencing 16S rRNA that makes it useful in classifying organisms? … |
| 5518 | A bacterium is grown in a medium containing high concentrations of glucose. When the glucose is… |
| 5520 | Correctly match the person to what they are most known for… |
| 5521 | While watching SpongeBob SquarePants, a microbiology student jokes that Bikini Bottom must be f… |
| 5522 | A microbiologist compares 16S rRNA gene sequences from several microorganisms to determine their rel… |
| 5523 | Modern classification is based on phylogenetic relationships. Which of the following correctly lists… |
| 5524 | What is a unique characteristic of group transporters when compared to other transporters (pass… |
| 5527 | What main feature of eukaryotes differentiates them from prokaryotes?… |
| 5528 | A researcher isolates a microorganism from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. The organism lacks a nucleu… |
| 5533 | A major contribution from Edward Jenner was… |
| 5535 | A researcher is studying human cell DNA and wants to test how mutations affect cell division. Which … |
| 5536 | A cell membrane transports glucose into a bacterial cell while simultaneously transporting an Na<sup… |
| 5537 | Which of the following is a function of inclusions?… |
| 5539 | Which of the following is a fundamental similarity between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes in translation… |
| 5540 | What problem lead Louis Pasteur to the discovery of Germ Theory?… |
| 5541 | During receptor mediated endocytosis, what specialized membrane region do the receptors migrate to b… |
| 5543 | Which statement best distinguishes Eukarya from Bacteria and Archaea?… |
| 5544 | Which of the following best explains why 16S rRNA is widely used to construct phylogenic trees?… |
| 5545 | Which of the following are features shared in all three domains of life?… |
| 5546 | When developing the Germ theory, Louis Pasteur studied which of the following… |
| 5547 | During the development of solid culture techniques, a microbiologist observed that the medium liquef… |
| 5551 | A major difference between a bacterial capsule and the slime layer is… |
| 5552 | Which are evidence for endosymbiotic theory across all domains?… |
| 5553 | You are a virus trying to invade a host cell. Your genetic information is single-stranded, and it ha… |
| 5554 | Which molecule targets peptidoglycan at the peptide cross-bridges between N-acetyl muramic acids?… |
| 5558 | The DNA double helix forms when two antiparallel strands of nucleotides associate. Which mechanism c… |
| 5559 | A microbiologist wants to determine the evolutionary relationship between two newly discovered micro… |
| 5560 | A student is examining an unknown microorganism and observes that it lacks a membrane-bound nucleus … |
| 5563 | What was a major contribution Angelina and Walter Hesse made to the field of microbiology?… |
| 5564 | A key difference between DNA and RNA is that DNA contains thymine while RNA contains uracil. Why doe… |
| 5565 | What feature of Archaea help them survive in extreme environments?… |
| 5566 | <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif;">Which transport mec… |
| 5567 | A key difference in the structure between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells is that gram negativ… |
| 5568 | A researcher isolates a virus that has a negative single-stranded RNA genome. After entry into a hos… |
| 5570 | What is the function of flagella as a component of the cell's structure? … |
| 5571 | Which option below correctly describes how Lysozyme and Penicillin affect a bacterial cell wall?… |
| 5572 | A cell membrane is analyzed and found to contain amphipathic lipids with isoprenoid side chains atta… |
| 5573 | During protein synthesis, molecular chaperones assist in the process by… |
| 5574 | A bacterium is shifted from 37°C to 10°C. Which change in membrane composition would best ma… |
| 5576 | Which characteristic best differentiates archaea cell walls from bacterial cell walls?… |
| 5579 | Fresh orange juice needs to have its shelf life extended without completely sterilizing it or signif… |
| 5580 | The F1 subunit of ATP synthase consists of 3 alpha and 3 beta proteins. How is the F1 subunit powere… |
| 5581 | How does the chemistry of electron carriers as well as their spatial arrangement, specifically in th… |
| 5582 | A researcher observes bacterial cells attaching to a surface and later forming structured communitie… |
| 5583 | A bacterium is growing in an environment where oxygen is absent but electron donors and acceptors ar… |
| 5585 | You find a microbe living in extreme environment conditions, thriving at temperatures of 90 °C. … |
| 5586 | You just discovered a new species that is able to live in the presence in oxygen. Upon further analy… |
| 5587 | A microorganism uses retinal to absorb light and pump protons across its membrane. It makes ATP but … |
| 5590 | Which of the following correctly compares retinal-based phototrophy and cyanobacterial photosynthesi… |
| 5592 | Before administering a shot at the doctor's office, what method might the nurse use to ensure the ar… |
| 5593 | An individual is looking to clean off their dishware by reducing the pathogens down to save level so… |
| 5595 | In which environment would you most expect to find psychrophiles and why? … |
| 5596 | What is the role of superoxide dismutase in aerobes?… |
| 5598 | What does it mean to remove all pathogens from an inanimate surface but not eliminate all microbes?… |
| 5601 | During kimchi fermentation, you observe <strong>gas production early</strong>, then later gas produc… |
| 5602 | <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> can't grow without adenine present this means:… |
| 5603 | How is Retinal-Based Phototrophy different from photosynthesis in purple bacteria? Select all t… |
| 5604 | A facultative anaerobe is exposed to oxygen. Which enzymes are going to become more active after thi… |
| 5608 | A major difference between the electron transport chain of green sulfur bacteria and cyanobacteria i… |
| 5609 | A scientist grows two cultures and observes the end products. Culture one produced lactate, CO<sub>2… |
| 5611 | A cell’s ATP production increases in aerobic environments. Which shared feature of β‑oxidation… |
| 5612 | Which pigment in Cyanobacteria and plants becomes excited and donates an electron to the electron tr… |
| 5614 | A scientist wants to test which medium a bacteria grows the fastest in at 30º C. During the exp… |
| 5618 | How would someone extend the shelf life of a fresh apple pie?… |
| 5619 | What differentiates the light harvesting complex of green bacteria compared to cyanobacteria an… |
| 5620 | Which statement best describes the relationship between metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism?… |
| 5625 | A newly discovered organism was found in certain glacial water pools (Temps ~5C) near small salt dep… |
| 5626 | Which of the following best describes a key difference in the photosynthetic systems of cyanobacteri… |
| 5627 | What kind of organisms can tolerate the presence of oxygen but does not use it?… |
| 5635 | A new species of microbe was found deep in an Amazonian cavern. When brought to a local laboratory, … |
| 5636 | A microbiologist isolates a bacterium from lake sediment and grows it in a laboratory batch culture … |
| 5638 | During the biochemical process of beer fermentation, a metabolic intermediate can influence the flav… |
| 5639 | Select all the ways cyanobacteria adapt to lower nitrogen availability.… |
| 5640 | <meta charset="UTF-8" /> A microorganism breaks down glucose without using an external electron tra… |
| 5642 | As a novice home brewer, you are excited to share your beer with your friends. However, a frien… |
| 5643 | What feature is shared by aerobic and anaerobic respiration?… |
| 5644 | A major difference between acidophiles and alkalophiles is that:</p> <p> </p> <p> … |
| 5645 | During microbial metabolism, many pathways involve the transfer of electrons between molecules. A sc… |
| 5647 | A mutation prevents rotation of the central shaft of ATP synthase, but the proton gradient across th… |
| 5650 | Which feature is shared by retinal-based phototrophy and the photosynthetic apparatus of p… |
| 5653 | In an anaerobic environment a bacterium metabolizes glucose via glycolysis but lacks an electron tra… |
| 5654 | After the brewing process was complete, the beer had a green apple taste to it. What problem occurre… |
| 5655 | A major difference between oxidative respiration and fermentation is that?… |
| 5657 | In <em>E. coli</em> where does the FtsZ assemble?… |
| 5659 | A microbial cell is carrying out the reaction:</p> <p data-end="771" data-start="758">A + B ⇌ C +… |
| 5661 | Some photosynthetic bacteria can grow in very low-light environments because they have specialized l… |
| 5664 | In horizontal gene transfer systems:… |
| 5666 | You have a strain that makes B12, and your vitamin company has tasked you with mutagenizing the stra… |
| 5667 | You want to sequence the bacterial genome of a new isolate, <em>Henkus jaminicus</em>. You suspect t… |
| 5670 | In <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, a mutation prevents AgrC from phosphorylating AgrA, but all other… |
| 5671 | Which method would allow you create a mutant version of Escherichia coli in a laboratory setting?&nb… |
| 5672 | How is <em>Ferroplasma acidarmanus</em> different from <em>Leptospirillum ferrooxidans</em… |
| 5673 | A researcher grows <em>E. coli</em> in minimal medium containing both glucose and lactose and observ… |
| 5674 | A microbiologist compares two methods to analyze a soil sample: (1) culturing microbes on standard l… |
| 5675 | Under what conditions would the cAMP molecule have the lowest concentration?… |
| 5677 | You have isolated a suspect pathogen, <em>Bucky baderous</em>. You want to determine if it has … |
| 5678 | You want to isolate a chitinase from <em>Streptomyces coelicolor. </em>You have the comple… |
| 5679 | Which of the following operons involves regulation by the means of attenuation?… |
| 5681 | A researcher needs high‑level production of two enzymes from a slow-growing soil bacterium. The gene… |
| 5682 | A newly discovered organism has a two-protein system with Protein A and Protein B. Protein A is long… |
| 5683 | Which of the following is a major difference between cellulose degradation in aerobic vs anaerobic b… |
| 5685 | Which statement best describes how cellulosomes enhancer cellulose degradation under anaerobic condi… |
| 5689 | A major difference between DNA acquired through horizontal gene transfer and the original bacterial … |
| 5690 | You are comparing methods of horizontal gene transfer in a laboratory setting. You observe a transfe… |
| 5691 | What about RpoH specifically in the cell changes in response to heat shock?… |
| 5692 | During growth in a bacterial cell, a mutation occurs in the leader peptide region of the <em>trp</em… |
| 5693 | A mutation alters the allosteric site of an enzyme so it can no longer bind to its regulatory molecu… |
| 5697 | Select all of the following that are characteristics seen primarily in deep sea vents AND NOT s… |
| 5698 | A scientist wants to determine whether antibiotic resistance in a bacterial strain is transferred vi… |
| 5699 | A mutation prevents maltose from binding to MalT. What is the most likely effect on the maltose oper… |
| 5700 | How does a bacterial cell know which DNA strand to fix during mismatch repair?… |
| 5701 | Under what circumstances would the <em>trp</em> operon actively synthesize its structural genes:… |
| 5703 | Which of the following explains the role of cAMP in catabolite repression?… |
| 5707 | A bacterial antisense RNA normally binds strongly to a target mRNA and blocks its translation. A mut… |
| 5708 | A bacterium experiences DNA damage that results in single-stranded gaps with no homologous DNA avail… |
| 5714 | When tryptophan is abundant in the cell, how does it regulate the trp operon to shut off biosynthesi… |
| 5717 | Which best distinguishes a screen from a selection in microbiology?… |
| 5718 | <em>Geoglobus ahangari</em> is a chemolithotroph in the deep-sea that grows on H<sub>2</sub>, and us… |
| 5719 | Which of the following describes how CRISPR-Cas9 edits DNA to correct the sickle cell mutation?… |
| 5727 | The lactose operon is responsible for lactose metabolism. When Lactose is absent, the <em>lac</em> r… |
| 5731 | Cells are grown with lactose present and glucose absent, but CAP cannot bind cAMP. What happens to t… |
| 5739 | You want to determine what metabolites are being used in a sample of mud. What is the best way to de… |
| 5741 | What are transposons, and how are they used experimentally to impact mutagenesis?… |
| 5742 | A bacterial strain contains a mutation in the <em>trp</em> operon leader sequence, where the two adj… |
| 5744 | Which gene when inactivated results in lactose not being able to enter the cell efficiently?… |
| 5767 | A methanogen and a methylotroph are in a biofilm together. The methanogen uses hydrogen and carbon d… |
| 5768 | There seems to be a role for the microbiome in exercise motivation. <em>Eubacterium</em> sp.&nb… |
| 5769 | A significant piece of evidence that the microbiome plays a role in anxiety and depression is&hellip… |
| 5774 | In what way do hydrogenotrophic methanogens help syntrophs?… |
| 5775 | What protein-enzyme complex do all three complement pathways (Classical, Mannose-binding Lectin, and… |
| 5776 | If a patient has a defect in their TH2 cells, what immune response would be impaired?… |
| 5777 | The measles virus is especially dangerous because…… |
| 5778 | Which of the following microbiome impacts are true?… |
| 5779 | What is the primary factor that determines whether methanogens or acetogens become the dominant hydr… |
| 5781 | What is the main difference in how CD4 + T-cells and CD8+ T-cells recognize antigens? … |
| 5782 | What is the best reason that sanitation descreases the incidence of disease?… |
| 5785 | During acetogenesis, acetogens must conserve energy while reducing CO<sub>2</sub> to acetate. W… |
| 5789 | What common electron acceptor do acetogens use to produce acetate?… |
| 5792 | Which of the following molecules attracts phagocytes to an infected area?… |
| 5793 | A disease spreads when individuals touch contaminated surfaces and then touch their faces. Which mod… |
| 5794 | Which of the following correctly differentiates the roles of CD4+ T-cells and CD8+ T-cells in the im… |
| 5795 | A pathogen enters the body and begins replicating rapidly. Within hours, immune cells respond by rec… |
| 5799 | A problem in the body’s immune system has severely weakened the functions of the C3a and C5a c… |
| 5800 | Which of the following is a correct pairing of an antimicrobial secretion and its function?… |
| 5801 | An individual is experiencing dysbiosis in their GI tract and is exhibiting signs of IBS. What is li… |
| 5802 | What is a common symptom found in stage 1 of Lyme disease?… |
| 5803 | The most prominent antibody, IgG is a crucial part of our immune system. Which answer below bes… |
| 5804 | In the same anaerobic environment, methanogens and acetogens are produced simultaneously. Hydrogen a… |
| 5808 | A patient presents with inflammation caused by a sterile physical injury (no microbes present) where… |
| 5810 | If the suspected pathogen is present in all cases of disease and absent from healthy animals, can be… |
| 5811 | A patient has a bacterial infection, and immune cells begin migrating toward the infection site in r… |
| 5812 | A deer shows symptoms of progressive weight loss, behavioral changes, a lot of excess salivation, an… |
| 5813 | During the activation of the adaptive immune response, which molecular interaction is strictly requi… |
| 5815 | A monocyte leaves the bloodstream and enters infected tissue, where it develops into a larger cell t… |
| 5816 | A patient is infected with a bacterial strain that is resistant to multiple antibiotics after repeat… |
| 5817 | A major difference between MHC I and MHC II molecules is that… |
| 5818 | Pathogen <em>B. badger</em> contains an specific mechanism for pathogenesis, where it injects effect… |
| 5819 | A key ecological advantage of <em data-end="205" data-start="180">Akkermansia muciniphila</em> in th… |
| 5820 | A macrophage encounters bacteria in damaged tissue and becomes activated. Which event most directly … |
| 5821 | John Snow solved the Cholera Outbreak through the study of Epidemiology. He traced most cases to a d… |
| 5822 | A difference between mutualistic and commensal relationships in host–microbe interactions is t… |
| 5828 | A Beewolf digger wasp’s cocoon hosts actinomycetes that produce an antimicrobial cocktail, pro… |
| 5833 | Match the term to the correct definition … |
| 5835 | Which of the following best explains why influenza infection can cause systemic symptoms such as fev… |
| 5839 | Which of the following best describes the role skin plays as a barrier to microorganisms?… |
| 5840 | A 45 year old male patient presents with body aches, a 100F fever, and malaise for the last 8 days a… |
| 5843 | Which of the following statements correctly explain how B cells and T cells are activated and what t… |
| 5850 | Which of the following is a key difference between exotoxins and endotoxins?… |
| 5854 | Methanogenesis uses membrane-associated electron transfer steps to create energy for ATP synthesis. … |
| 5855 | Which best describes the public health importance of <em>Clostridium difficile</em> <em>(</em>C… |
| 5857 | In order to improve public health, natural water is sanitized with three chemicals to begin the sani… |
| 5858 | In which of these people would the highest concentration of flavonoids be found in the gut microbiom… |
| 5859 | What would be a way to treat Measles and Enterohemorrhagic <em>E. coli</em>?… |
| 5860 | A patient has a bacterial infection, and lab results show that the bacteria are being coated by anti… |
| 5864 | A mutation occurred in B. burgdorferi, which eliminated its adhesins. How would this affect the orga… |
| 5865 | A student frequently pulls all-nighters and eats at inconsistent times. Over time, they begin to exp… |
| 5875 | <em>Akkermansia muciniphila </em>is important in that it...… |
| 5877 | Which of the complement system proteins binds to phagocytes to trigger the opsonization of invading … |
| 5880 | Which of the following effectively describes how MAMPs contribute to immunity?… |
| 5882 | What type of pathogen can only cause damage (disease) in a compromised host?… |
| 5887 | A T cell identifies an antigen presented by MHC I. What type of T cell will be activated?</p> <p>… |
| 5888 | Imagine you are a doctor, and you receive information about a patient who has been in the hospital f… |
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